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[...]North of Ireland and Northern Ireland HUBER Technology recently completed two projects for two hotels, one located in the North of Ireland and the second one located in Northern Ireland. Both of these projects improve the sewage treatment capacity for these resorts to reduce maintenance and downstream blockages. Project Profile Both of these projects were upgrades to the sites effluent treatment plant to include for a provision of upstream screening. Due to the differing nature of the sites the project at Harveys Point hotel featured a screen in concrete channel whilst the project at Lusty Beg the screen was installed in a stainless steel tank HUBER Technology Supplied 1 x HUBER Ro9 Micro Strainer suitable for mounting into a concrete channel (Harvey’s Point) 1 x HUBER Ro9 Micro Strainer suitable for mounting into a tank (Lusty Beg) 2 x HUBER Control Panels 2 x Full mechanical and electrical installation 2 x Commissioning of all equipment Solution Based on the flow rates for both sites the smallest Ro9 300mm diameter screen was selected, this size of screen will pass around 40 l/sec of sewage flow. The screenings were discharged into a wheelie bin with a LongoPac bagging unit to reduce any odours. Product Profile The HUBER Micro Strainer ROTAMAT® Ro9 operation is based upon a unique system that allows the combination of screening, washing, transport, compaction and dewatering in a single unit. Depending on the screen bar spacing or perforation and screen size (up to 700 mm screen basket diameter), the throughput can be individually adjusted to specific site requirements. The screen can be installed either directly into a channel or into a separate tank.[...]

[...]St Davids, Wales Project Profile HUBER Technology recently completed a project for Dwr Cymru Welsh Water at St Davids STW. HUBER Technology engaged with the client early 2019, the unit was delivered to site late 2022 and commissioned in March 2023. This project was part of the upgrade to the site at St Davids to improve the sludge thickening on site and follows on from the successful project at Fishguard STW. HUBER Technology Supplied 1 x HUBER Containerised S-DISC Sludge Thickener Objective & Solution The primary objective was to reduce the number of tanker movements from this site. This was due to the narrow access in and out of the area and a recent hotel development. There was a need to provide a building or enclosure as none existed on this isolated site. Red line below shows new location of container, with green and blue lines showing feed and return to above ground sludge tanks. SAS and the requirement for the throughput was 16 3 /hr at a thickness of 0.5% D.S. A dry solids of >5% was required for the outlet. The solution also included the provision of a containerised sludge thickener with ancillaries. The containerised unit was supplied with the following: S-DISC 1 sludge thickener c/w flocculation reactor. Thin and thickened sludge pumps. Liquid polymer make-up system. Polymer dosing pump – either diaphragm dosing pump or progressive cavity pump. WIMES 3.04 compliant wardrobe control panel with water company specific choice of automation platform. 20’ High Cube ISO container designed to allow in situ maintenance of all key components. Heating, lighting, and ventilation. Distribution board for connection to site power supply, 400VAC 3ph N+E 100Amp. Galvanised steel floor with under floor cable ducts to provide uncluttered access. Personnel access door. Opening side doors for maintenance and removal of components when necessary. A pair of bi-folding doors the full length of the side of the container for maintenance and removal of components when necessary. HUBER S-DISC Product Profile: Compact, enclosed design Efficient, reliable and simple to operate Low operation and maintenance costs High throughput capacity > 40 m³/hour DfMA Solutions available “Early involvement with Dwr Cymru Welsh Water allowed us to develop a fantastic solution for this site and others in the area. Working directly with the end user meant we could respond quickly to their needs and provide a unit to suit the thickening requirements. Feedback from operations has been very positive to date and Dwr Cymru are seeing the huge benefits of this technology on this site.” Adrian Heneghan – Business Development Manager[...]

[...]Uttoxeter, UK HUBER Technology recently completed a project for Severn Trent Water at Uttoxeter STW, between Derby and Stoke on Trent. HUBER Technology were engaged on the project in 2019 with the project being installed in late 2021 and then commissioned later that year. This project was part of the upgrade to the site at Uttoxeter to improve the sludge thickening on site and follows the successful installation of a pair of HUBER DB units at Cannock STW. HUBER Technology Supplied 1x HUBER Sludge Gravity DrainBelt Thickener DB 1.0 complete with polymer dosing system and thick sludge discharge pumps Objective The primary objective was to improve the sludge thickening on site by the provision of a new gravity belt thickener. Solution For the sludge thickening the sludge was a SAS and the requirement for the throughput was 35.4m 3 /hr at a thickness of 0.3 - 1% D.S. A dry solids of >6% was required for the outlet. The solution also included the provision of the polymer dosing system. Product Profile The HUBER Belt Thickener DrainBelt is especially designed for sludges with poor settling properties: Minimised coagulant consumption due to efficient distribution Constant thickening result due to the long sludge residence time on the filter belt Increased thickening results due to a ramp installed to decelerate the sludge prior to being discharged A variety of filter belt qualities to meet specific “Early involvement with contractor and using the lessons we had learnt on the Cannock project enabled us to quickly develop a solution for this project to suit the thickening requirements needed, Severn Trent Water should hopefully see the huge benefit this technology brings to the downstream process very quickly.” Richard Willis-Area Manager For more information please contact Rachael Harvey 01249 765000, email Rachael.Harvey@huber.co.uk[...]

[...]Winchcombe STW, UK HUBER Technology recently completed a project for Severn Trent Water at Winchcombe STW, north of Cheltenham. Following the successful installation of a similar project at Stratford Milcote HUBER Technology were engaged by CiM6 on the project in 2017 with the project being installed in 2019 and commissioned in early 2020. Project Profile This project was part of the upgrade to the Winchcombe STW to provide sludge thickening to reduce operational costs of tankering thin sludge from site HUBER Technology Supplied 1 x HUBER Disc Thickener S-DISC Sludge Thickener mounted onto a skid complete with Severn Trent Water specification control panel and polymer dosing pump. Objective The primary objective was to reduce tankering costs on site by thickening the sludge from activated sludge plant on site. It was also an opportunity to learn from the project at Stratford Milcote and utilise the proven offsite build of a skid mounted solution. Solution The solution was to install a fully off site built skid mounted sludge thickener into a new kiosk. The skid comprised the S-DISC 1 sludge thickener, flocculation reactor, polyrex 1.0 poly dosing unit, Severn Trent specification control panel and discharge pump The skid had an overall footprint of 5.5m x 2.4m The sludge was wholly made up of SAS from the on site activated sludge with a throughput of 7.962m 3 /hr required at 0.4 - 1% D.S. A dry solids content of >6% was required for the outlet. Based on feedback from the Stratford Milcote project this type of solution typically saves 40% in capital cost as well as reducing their operational costs by over 20%. Product Profile A slightly inclined, slowly rotating filter disc covered with a filter cloth separates flocculated sludge from filtrate. A baffle plate distributes the inflow evenly across the entire filter radius. Sludge liquor collects on the bottom section of the filter disc so that a low hydrostatic pressure develops enhancing sludge liquor drain-off. Flexibly supported ploughs divide and move the sludge layer on the disc and open up furrows so that water can easily drain through the filter cloth, thus enhancing the filtration effect. At the sludge discharge outlet, a scraper pushes the thickened sludge from the disc. The filter cloth is cleaned by a spray bar so that the solids are washed back into the sludge to ensure the filtrate water is clear Compact, enclosed design Efficient, reliable and simple to operate Low operation and maintenance costs High throughput capacity > 40m³/h Multiple awards “Following the success of the first skid mounted unit at Stratford Milcote it was great to build on the experience of that solution to deliver a similar solution for Winchcombe STW, Severn Trent Water should hopefully see the huge benefit of this technology in reducing operating costs on site.” Richard Willis - Area Manager[...]

[...]Melton Mowbray, UK HUBER Technology are pleased to of recently completed the installation and commissioning at Melton Mowbray STW. Project Profile Melton Mowbray STW is a medium sized activated sludge works, treating a PE approx. 68,000. The works treats a combination of both domestic and trade effluents. The new Melton Mowbray STW is designed to cater for increased treatment flows equating to a design horizon population equivalent of 123,328 (82% growth) and a tightening of the phosphorus and ammonia permits. A significant proportion of the influent is from trade waste. HUBER were heavily involved in the design and planning of the new inlet works with MWH and Severn Trent Water. - Inlet works refurbishment replacing the two existing 6mm screens with three 6mm screens and installation of wash compactors. Early involvement with MWH, through site visits and meetings enabled a proven solution to be designed for both screenings and screenings handling requirements. Severn Trent water should hopefully see the huge benefit this technology brings to the downstream process very quickly. HUBER were involved in part of the innovative solutions to ensure the re-use of the existing inlet structure in lieu of a new structure. The existing two HUBER screen installation with centre by-pass channel was designed to be replaced by three new HUBER Belt screens EscaMax® and two HUBER Wash Press WAP® L compactors. This was further complicated as the refurbishment had to fit the existing inlet works. This was achieved by the provision of a new bypass pipe outside the inlet works structure and the use of the existing centre bypass channel to house the third screen. We worked collaboratively with MWH to ensure that this was achieved. HUBER Technology Supplied 2 x HUBER Belt Screen EscaMax® 4000x752/6 60° 1 x HUBER Belt Screen EscaMax® 4000x952/6 60° 2 x HUBER Wash Press WAP® L 8 Interconnecting Launder Details of the process including for screens: Total flow rate 548 l/s. Peak flow per screen 183 l/s Duty/assist/assist Screen width 752 = 2.85 m3/h and screen width 952 = 3.6m³/h, total capacity 9.3 m3/h all @ 50% blinded Details of the process including for screenings handling: 9.4 cu.m/hr duty/standby Screens 0.733 l/s @ 5 Bar. Screening handling Peak 1.5 l/s at 2 bar in operation Objective & Solution The main objective for us was the efficient refurbishment of the inlet works with installation of three new HUBER screens and two HUBER wash compactors on a phased changeover at the inlet. HUBER completed the mechanical installation over three stages with commissioning being completed in stages (in between the install stages) before the next machine was installed as the site needed to have at least one EscaMax® running throughout the installation process. HUBER Belt Screen EscaMax® Product Profile World class screening efficiency- 84% average solids capture ratio Unique sealing design ensures continued efficiency with minimal maintenance No requirements for self-adjusting brush due to innovative design Range of perforation sizes & screen installation angles available 300+ installations UK & Ireland HUBER WAP®L Wash Press Product Profile Screenings from launder systems or direct from screens where screen wash water rate is high Wet screenings throughput up to 24m3/hr Volume, weight & disposal cost reduction up to 85% Low power & wash water consumption 600+ installations UK & Ireland David Foster McBride (Area Sales Manager) commented on the project “Early engagement with the customer allowed for a suitable innovative solution to be selected to handle the design parameters and be successfully delivered within the existing inlet works limitations. The project was delivered on time and to budget and is an excellent demonstration of close involvement with Severn Trent Water and MWH.”[...]

[...]Hull (Saltend), UK HUBER Technology recently supplied, installed and commissioned coarse and fine inlet screens, launder systems and screenings handling plant for both sets of screens at one of Yorkshire Water’s largest wastewater treatment, Hull (Saltend). The new elevated inlet works that houses the HUBER equipment is designed to treat the flow to full treatment of 2140 l/s and a population equivalent approaching 450,000. In addition to the construction of a new inlet works, HUBER were successful in securing the subcontract to supply 2 No. Ro3 sludge screens as part of the upgrade of the sludge treatment facility. Coarse screening plant For this section of the works, HUBER designed, manufactured, installed and commissioned 3 No. 75° RakeMax ® Multi-Rake Bar screens with 25 mm bar spacings. These screens operate on a duty, assist, and standby basis and were selected and designed to ensure that the velocity through the bars does not exceed 1.2 m/s whilst maintaining good channel velocities at peak flows. Coarse screens screenings handling system Each RakeMax® screen discharges into a stainless steel common launder designed and installed by HUBER. Because of the elevated position of the screens and common launder, a drop pipe was required to deliver the launder water and screenings to 3 No. twin-screw WAP® SL 12v wash presses. Each of the wash presses is designed to process 12 m3/hour of wet screenings at a fixed speed, which can then be increased to 18.5 m3/hour via frequency inverters if it becomes necessary. The site P.E. and appropriate peak factor meant that a predicted peak volume of 26.42 m3/hour might arrive at the works so it was necessary to ‘sequence’ the operation of the WAP® SL wash presses to facilitate duty, assist and standby operation. The reception hoppers of the WAP ® SL wash presses are fitted with vortex impellors that create significant agitation of the screenings and launder water within them. This method of screenings washing means that a permanent pressurised washwater system is not required. By knowing the volume of the reception hoppers and the amount of launder water present, we calculated the level within them that when reached initiates the closing of the knife gate valve within the launder. This means that the next WAP ® SL in the sequence starts to fill whilst the ‘duty’ unit processes the screenings and launder water. However, we expect that this sequencing will only be required in exceptional circumstances. All three WAP ® SL wash presses discharge washed and cleaned screenings into specially designed compactor skips to optimise all the space within them and reduce the number of overall skip movements. Filtrate from the WAP ® SL Wash Presses is discharged to local drains. Fine screening plant For this section of the works HUBER designed, manufactured, installed and commissioned 4 No. 45° HUBER Belt Screen EscaMax ® 6 mm perforated plate screens. These screens operate on a duty, assist, assist, standby basis and were selected and designed to ensure that the velocity through the perforations does not exceed 1.2 m/s whilst maintaining good channel velocity at peak flows. One of the major challenges was around the angle at which the screens should be installed. However, we were able to convince the client and the contractor that installing the screens at 45° would provide them with far more benefits than if installed at the standard angle of 60°. In our opinion, it would have been unwise to compromise on the screens being able to remove the predicted peak screenings loading of 26.42 m3/hour, and installing them at 45°was absolutely necessary to achieve this. Both the client and main contractor showed a real level of maturity during discussions about this and the hydraulics relative to both sets of screens and the loadings associated with the screenings handling plant. Fine screens screenings handling system Each EscaMax ® screen discharges into a stainless steel common launder designed and installed by HUBER. The launder and each of the WAP ® SL 12v wash presses are designed the same as the plant serving the RakeMax ® coarse screens and operates in the same manner. Sludge treatment facility upgrade HUBER also supplied, installed and commissioned 2 No. of the well-established Ro3 sludge acceptance screens on this project. The ROTAMAT® Ro3 sludge acceptance plants are designed and built as a packaged item of plant, but at the heart of every solution is the ROTAMAT® Ro1 fine screen. Manufactured completely in stainless steel, it provides high removal efficiency, low head loss as well as longevity of service. The ROTAMAT® Ro1 fine screen, with its rugged construction is cleaned by fully engaged rake tines passing through the bars of the screen that capture the solids. The integrated screenings press transports the screenings out of the tank, dewaters, reduces volume and finally discharges the treated screenings into a skip. In addition, the screenings are washed and the press water is returned downstream of the screen. As a result, the screenings are clean and can be disposed of safely. The entire screening process takes place in a closed system avoiding odour annoyance, but the machines can be connected to odour control systems when required. The efficiency and rugged construction is able to cope with throughputs up to 230 m3/h. The ROTAMAT® Ro3 sludge acceptance plant is the best-selling machine of its type in the UK. Compact construction, together with intelligent technology ensure reliable and continuous operation day after day, year after year. Dale Foster - Area Manager for HUBER Technology: “Prior to receiving the contract from the main contractor there were many hurdles to jump. Some of these were around challenges to the then current Yorkshire Water asset standards. As anyone who has had to do this will attest, this is never the easiest or quickest thing to do. However, once alternatives that deviated from current standards were appraised, having been backed up by compelling evidence, the decision relayed by the contractor via the client was swift, clear and decisive. As stated previously, the client and MMB, the main contractor, should be congratulated for the maturity shown throughout the process of delivering this project. We are confident that the equipment supplied will provide the end user with a significantly improved and reliable inlet works that will benefit the downstream processes and the Ro3 sludge screens will work tirelessly, but reliably in a very harsh environment. This is a flagship site for Yorkshire Water and we are proud of our contribution towards the significant upgrade of the works”[...]

[...]HUBER Lifecycle Service A complete range of services for optimum product operation HUBER LifeCycle Service HUBER LifeCycle Service Service modules for your requirements Superior machine and plant technology must be installed and commissioned correctly. Subsequently, professional maintenance as well as any necessary optimisation of the mode of operation to changing conditions ensures that the optimum performance can be used reliably and operationally safe to the full extent at minimum operating costs. Comprehensive service package HUBER Service supports you in operating your machines and plants with a comprehensive service package to ensure that your expectations regarding your investment in HUBER technology are fully met. Highest performance with optimum plant availability and lowest operating costs. With our international subsidiaries and foreign partners we are able to offer the usual HUBER service worldwide. HUBER LifeCycle Service Comprehensive services The right service for every challenge HUBER service experts offer you: Installation and commissioning: All work is carried out in accordance with regulations by highly qualified HUBER service technicians and the operating personnel is instructed in the proper use of the system. Repairs on site and in the factory: Take advantage of the manufacturer's expertise for professional repairs. Original spare parts: All requirements for optimum use in your HUBER machine are met with absolute certainty. Plant optimisation: Development and implementation of an optimisation concept for economical operation Plant refurbishment: Preparation and implementation of a refurbishment plan for the upgrading of machinery and equipment. Operational support: We support your employees in the operation of the plant and provide them with the necessary expertise. Training and instruction: On site or at our head office, adapted to your needs. International service consulting: We provide on-site consulting worldwide by our HUBER service experts. Augmented reality: Use of data glasses enables live communication with a connected HUBER expert Our comprehensive services provide you with the security for the operation of your plant, both for municipal and industrial applications. Supported by our HUBER services you can better meet your responsibility for the reliable operation of your plant at any time. HUBER LifeCycle Service Our complete range of services for best performance and economic operation Installation and Commissioning By highly qualified HUBER service engineers Execution according to regulations including function test Instruction and training Professional installation and commissioning is the basis for safe and economical operation. Orginal Spare Parts 100% exact fit & flawless function Safety tested & certified Long-term reliability of operation Absolutely corrosion resistant due to accurate handling of stainless steel – pickling and passivation Only original HUBER spare parts meet all requirements for optimal use in your HUBER machine. Repair Service Minimisation of downtimes High professional competence Highly flexible service team Warranty Take advantage of the manufacturer's expertise for professional repairs. Factory Repair Service Dismantling on site Transport to the HUBER factory Complete overhaul with warranty Return transport to the site Installation & recommissioning with performance test Professional repairs in the HUBER factory ensure best possible performance. Maintenance Planned maintenance instead of unplanned downtime Professional maintenance by trained HUBER service technicians Highly flexible service team Service and maintenance contracts in four different service levels. Warranty Better maintenance by HUBER experts - because they are trained for it! Plant Optimisation Determination of the current status by analysing machine parameters such as operating hours, consumption of consumables, etc. Development of a machine and plant optimisation concept Derivation of necessary optimisation measures Guarantee of economic operation Our experts will bring your plant into the optimum operating condition. Augmented Reality The use of data glasses enables direct individual communication with a HUBER expert. HUBER service expertise – live for every customer, anywhere in the world Possible via smart devices (smartphone, tablet, laptop, etc.) We use innovative solutions for fast and comprehensive support of our customers. Service Advice On-site advice from experienced HUBER service specialists Information on the operation and condition of your machine Important information on necessary service measures Maximum service benefit through on-site consultation with HUBER service experts at your machine. Plant Refurbishing Consideration and demonstration of the economic efficiency of a refurbishment Development of a refurbishment plan based on your specific requirements and definition of necessary work Ensuring the service life of your plant through value-preserving service measures If old plants are to be upgraded - then do it professionally! Training & Education Demand-oriented training concepts On site or in our HUBER factory For new employees or to optimise and further develop existing knowledge This provides your employees with knowledge of the highest quality! Operational Support Support of your staff in operating your plants by HUBER service specialists Training and expert advice for operating personnel on site Development of individual operating solutions Service concept tailored exactly to your requirements Optimum operation of the entire plant Keeping things running smoothly - we support your staff in operating your plant Customer testimonials What our customers say “The most important criteria we expect from a competent service partner are: profound knowledge of current machine technology, reliability, punctuality, flexibility, communication skills and good manners - HUBER fulfils all these requirements to our fullest satisfaction” Mr. Gremm, foreman in charge of the machinery and equipment on the Mannheim WWTP[...]

[...]Editorial on the topic ”ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY” by Prof. Dr. Franz Bischof ”Energy”! A word that electrifies and invites discussion like no other at the moment. Everyone in this country now knows about the importance of energy – and its availability and costs. And it is energy carriers, heat and electricity, i.e. the conversion products of our technical processes that are subject to losses, that keep our lives and those of industry in this country “running and alive” and at the same time make them easier. 1,000,000 billion joules of primary energy consumption But have you ever actually thought about how much energy is needed in Germany every year? According to the latest figures from the Working Group on Energy Balances from September 2022, Germany has a primary energy consumption of 12,413 petajoules. That doesn't sound like little – and it isn't. Peta represents the figure 10 to the power of 15, or put more simply: 1,000,000 billion. Such huge numbers are completely beyond our imagination and mental images are needed to grasp their significance. A 78,191-kilometre freight train Let us imagine, then, that this primary energy in the form of hard coal would have to be transported to Germany by a freight train. The freight wagons usually used for this purpose have a payload of 65 tonnes and a length of 12 metres. It would be a long freight train: consisting of a good 6.5 million wagons or a total length of 78,191 kilometres! Every year we empty this “special train to Germany” twice around the earth's equator. Households, transport and industry share the final consumption more or less equally – about 20 % each. And almost as much primary energy, almost 18 %, is lost through the conversion of primary energy into final energy. Saving energy, recovering energy and new forms of production Saving energy wherever possible, recovering it and finding new forms of energy production is therefore the top priority as long as it is not possible to substitute primary energy consumption from predominantly fossil energy sources with regenerative energy sources on a large scale. Wastewater contains chemical and thermal energy Wastewater seems to be a very interesting medium for this and could make an important contribution. On the one hand, wastewater contains chemically bound energy that microorganisms can release in anaerobic processes in a controlled manner in the form of the energy carrier methane. On the other hand, the thermal energy stored in wastewater should be of great interest. Per degree Celsius, one cubic metre of wastewater has the energy quantity of 1.16 kWh. This means that wastewater could theoretically replace 1 cubic metre of natural gas if 1000 litres of it were cooled by about 9 degrees Celsius through heat extraction. Heating with wastewater instead of natural gas! Using high energy potential through adapted heat exchange systems Such applications in the area of municipal sewers are unrealistic, however, because this would impair the purification process at the sewage treatment plant too much. Cooling by 1 to 2 degrees, however, is usually no problem and even on this relatively small scale has a high energy or heat potential. However, it is not uncommon for wastewater or process water to be produced at relatively high temperatures in municipalities or in industrial production processes. In future, it should no longer be possible to do without this energy. However, efficient heat exchange systems that are adapted to the special features of wastewater are the technical prerequisite for this goal in order to be able to create sustainable heat utilisation concepts for the respective case. The future of energy-recovering and energy-efficient processes and products In the overall view of wastewater technology, the future of energy-recovering and energy-efficient processes and products did not just begin yesterday. The use of waste heat from wastewater is becoming more and more established; electric drives with improved efficiency are being used more and more. New wastewater treatment processes aim to remove organic matter from wastewater in the influent of wastewater treatment plants in order to produce more methane in digesters and at the same time reduce the energy required for the aerobic treatment processes in the wastewater treatment plant. New and innovative monitoring processes to detect excessive wear on machinery are being developed as part of the advancing digitalisation to detect unnecessary energy consumption at an early stage. In addition, digitalisation in combination with intelligent evaluation of data opens up completely new possibilities for optimising processes: for example, less sludge accumulation and lower precipitant consumption. While these benefits may not be recognised as energy-saving measures at first glance, they are still a major challenge. Intelligent design, lightweight materials, quality and durability At second glance, however, they show up in the reduction of chemicals and transport, or in other words: saving energy by “not producing” and “not driving kilometres”. Intelligent design of machines or the choice of lightweight materials with the aim of reducing weight are also directly related to the saving of energy for production and transport. The high quality of products and, consequently, their durability, in turn, form the basis for the economical use of raw materials required for their manufacture. Product quality should therefore always be seen in a positive context with energy saving. The technical symbiosis of energy and sustainability Many of these examples show that the responsible use of energy is inseparably linked to sustainable wastewater technology. Energy and sustainability have come together to form a remarkable technical symbiosis. From this perspective, wastewater technology in all its fields of application will also be able to make an important contribution to shortening our "freight train full of energy" in the future. You just have to do it, according to the saying: "Doing is like wanting, only more intense!” Prof. Dr.-Ing. Franz Bischof is a professor at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering / Environmental Engineering for the subject "Processes for Water, Air and Soil Pollution Control" at the East Bavarian Technical University Amberg-Weiden.[...]